ILE RPG From A to Z – Bryan Meyers: IBM i and ILE RPG Books, Tutorials, Training

A comprehensive glossary of RPG IV and ILE terms (IBM i Release 7.3):

Color Key:: Required syntax; Optional syntax

Notes:: Dcl-xx indicates the keyword may apply to more than one type of declaration (e.g., Dcl-f, Dcl-s, Dcl-ds, etc.).; Obsolete entries use ~~strikethrough font~~.

A: %Abs – Aut

%Abs(): Function. Get Absolute Value of Expression.; Usage: %ABS(numeric-expression)
Acq: Operation code. Acquire Device.; Usage: ACQ(e) device-name workstn-file ;
~~Add~~: Operation code. Add.; Usage: Obsolete. Use + operator.
~~Adddur~~: Operation code. Add Duration.; Usage: Obsolete. Use + operator, date functions.
Actgrp: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Activation group to use.; Usage: ACTGRP(*STGMDL|*NEW|*CALLER|'act-grp-name')
Activation Group: A job substructure in which ILE programs and service programs are activated. Contains the resources necessary to run the program, including: static and global program variables, dynamic storage, temporary data management resources, certain types of exception handlers and ending procedures.
%Addr(): Function. Get Storage Address of Variable.; Usage: %ADDR(variable:*DATA)
Alias: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Use alternate field names for data structure subfields (applies to LIKEREC data structures, externally described data structures, or externally described files).; Usage: ALIAS
Align: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Align integer, unsigned and float subfields.; Usage: ALIGN
%Alloc(): Function. Allocate Storage, Get Pointer.; Usage: %ALLOC(length)
Alloc: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Controls storage module for %Alloc, %Realloc, Dealloc.; Usage: ALLOC(*STGMDL|*TERASPACE|*SNGLVL)
~~Alloc~~: Operation code. Allocate Storage.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Alloc.
Alt: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Alternating array.; Usage: ALT(main-array-name)
Alternating Arrays: Two arrays that are loaded together.
Alternating Tables: Two tables that are loaded together.
Altseq: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Alternate collating sequence.; Usage: ALTSEQ(*NONE|*SRC|*EXT)
Alwnull: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Allow null-capable fields.; Usage: ALWNULL(*NO|*INPUTONLY|*USRCTL)
~~Andxx~~: Operation code. And.; Usage: Obsolete. Use And connector.
Array: Series of elements with like characteristics; can be searched for a uniquely identified element, and elements can be accessed by their position in the array.
Array File: Input file containing array elements.
Array Index: Actual number of an element in an array, or the field containing the number or relative position of an element in an array.
Ascend: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Sort sequence.; Usage: ASCEND
Aut: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Authority.; Usage: AUT(*LIBRCRTAUT|*ALL|*CHANGE|*USE|*EXCLUDE |'auth-list-name')

B: Based – Bound program

Based: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Basing pointer.; Usage: BASED(pointer-name)
Begsr: Operation code. Begin Subroutine.; Usage: BEGSR subroutine-name ;
Bind: To create a callable program, by combining one or more ILE modules.
Binder: The system process that creates a bound program by packaging ILE modules and resolving symbols passed between those modules.
Binder Language: Set of commands (STRPGMEXP, EXPORT, and ENDPGMEXP) to define the signature for a service program. These commands (source type BND) are not executable.
Binding: The process of creating a callable program by packaging ILE modules and resolving symbols passed between those modules.
Binding Directory: An object that contains a list of names of modules and service programs that the binder may need when creating an ILE program or service program. A binding directory is not a repository of the modules and service programs; instead, it allows the binder to refer to them by name and type.
%Bitand(): Function. Bitwise AND Operation.; Usage: %BITAND(expression:expression:expression...)
%Bitnot(): Function. Invert Bits.; Usage: %BITNOT(expression)
~~Bitoff~~: Operation code. Set Bits Off.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Bitand, %Bitnot.
~~Biton~~: Operation code. Set Bits On.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Bitor.
%Bitor(): Function. Bitwise OR Operation.; Usage: %BITOR(expression:expression:expression...)
%Bitxor(): Function. Bitwise Exclusive OR Operation.; Usage: %BITXOR(expression:expression)
Block: Keyword (Dcl-f). Record blocking.; Usage: BLOCK(*YES|*NO)
Bnddir: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Binding directories to use.; Usage: BNDDIR('bnd-dir-name':'bnd-dir-name'...)
Bound program: A callable object that combines one or more modules created by an ILE compiler.

C: C-specifications – Cvtopt

~~C-Specifications (Calculation Specifications)~~: ~~Section of an RPG program that describes the processing to be done by the program.~~; ~~Obsolete. Use free format operation codes.~~
~~Cabxx~~: Operation code. Compare and Branch.; Usage: Obsolete. Use logical expressions.
~~Call~~: Operation code. Call Program.; Usage: Obsolete. Use Callp.
~~Callb~~: Operation code. Call Bound Procedure.; Usage: Obsolete. Use Callp.
~~Callp~~: Operation code. Call Prototyped Procedure or Program.; Usage: CALLP(emr) name(parm1:parm2...) ;
~~Casxx~~: Operation code. Conditionally Invoke Subroutine.; Usage: Obsolete. Use Select/When/Other.
~~Cat~~: Operation code. Concatenate Two Strings.; Usage: Obsolete. Use + operator.
Ccsid: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Default graphic/UCS-2 character set identifier.; Usage: CCSID(*GRAPH:*IGNORE|*SRC|number); Usage: CCSID(*UCS2:number); Usage: CCSID(number|*DFT)
Chain: Operation code. Random File Retrieval.; Usage: CHAIN(enhmr) search-arg name data-structure ;
%Char(): Function. Convert to Character Data.; Usage: %CHAR(expression:format)
%Check(): Function. Check Characters.; Usage: %CHECK(comparator:string:start)
~~Check~~: Operation code. Check Characters.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Check.
%Checkr(): Function. Check Characters Reverse.; Usage: %CHECKR(comparator:string:start)
~~Checkr~~: Operation code. Check Characters Reverse.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Checkr.
Class: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Class.; Usage: CLASS(*JAVA:classname)
Clear: Operation code. Clear Data Item Value.; Usage: CLEAR *NOKEY *ALL name ;
Close: Operation code. Close File.; Usage: CLOSE(e) file-name ;
Combined File: Data file used as both an input and output file.
Commit: Operation code. Commit File Changes.; Usage: COMMIT(e) boundary ;; Keyword (Dcl-f). Commitment control.; Usage: COMMIT(rpg-name)
~~Comp~~: Operation code. Compare.; Usage: Obsolete. Use logical expressions.
Compile: To translate source statements into modules, which can then be bound into programs or service programs.
Compile Time Array: Array that is compiled with the program and becomes a permanent part of the program.
Compile Time Table: Table that is compiled with the program and becomes a permanent part of the program.
Compiler Directive: Instruction that controls a compile listing, or causes source records to be included. For example, /COPY, /INCLUDE, /DEFINE.
~~Conditioning Indicator~~: ~~Obsolete. Indicator used to specify when to do calculations or which characteristics apply to a record format or field.~~
Const: Keyword (Dcl-parm). Read-only parameter.; Usage: CONST; Keyword (Dcl-c). Constant value.; Usage: CONST(value)
Constant: Data that has an unchanging, predefined value to be used in processing. A constant does not change during the running of a program, but the contents of a field or variable can.
Control Boundary: Call stack entry to which control is transferred when an unmonitored error occurs.
Control Break: Change in the contents of a control field that indicates all records from a particular control group were read and a new control group is starting.
Control Field: one or more fields that are compared from record to record to detect a control break. When a control break occurs, the control level indicator (L1-L9) assigned to a control field is set on.
~~Control Specifications (H-Specifications)~~: ~~Section of an RPG program that provides information about program generation and defaults.~~; ~~Obsolete. Use Ctl-opt.~~
/Copy: Compiler directive. Copy records from another source member into the current compile process.; Usage: /COPY library/file,member
Copynest: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Maximum /Copy nesting level.; Usage: COPYNEST(0-2048)
Copyright: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Copyright string.; Usage: COPYRIGHT('string')
Ctdata: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Compile time array/table.; Usage: CTDATA
Ctl-opt: Operation code. Provides information about program generation and defaults. Replaces H-specification.; Usage: CTL-OPT Ctl-opt-keywords;
Cursym: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Currency symbol.; Usage: CURSYM('symbol')
Cvtopt: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Data type conversion options.; Usage: CVTOPT(*DATETIME|*NODATETIME *GRAPHIC|*NOGRAPHIC *VARCHAR|*NOVARCHAR *VARGRAPHIC|*NOVARGRAPHIC)

D: D-specifications – Dump

~~D-Specifications (Definition Specifications)~~: ~~Section of an RPG program that defines data items, such as standalone fields, named constants, data structures, prototypes, and procedure interfaces.~~; ~~Obsolete. Use Dcl-c, Dcl-ds, Dcl-pi, Dcl-pr, Dcl-s.~~
%Data(): Function. Used with DATA-INTO; specifies document to be parsed and options.; Usage: %DATA(document:options)
Data-into: Operation code. Parse a Document into a Variable.; Usage: DATA-INTO(eh) target %DATA(document:options) %PARSER(parser:options);

Usage: DATA-INTO(eh) %HANDLER(handlerProc:commArea) %DATA(document:options) %PARSER(parser:options);
%Date(): Function. Convert to Date.; Usage: %DATE(expression:format)
Datedit: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Date edit (Y edit code).; Usage: DATEDIT(format-and-separator)
Datfmt: Keyword (H-, Dcl-xx). Date format.; Usage: DATFMT(format-and-separator)
%Days(): Function. Convert to Number of Days.; Usage: %DAYS(numeric-expression)
Dcl-c: Operation code. Declares a named constant. Replaces D-spec for named constants.; Usage: DCL-C name value;
Dcl-ds: Operation code. Declares a data structure; used with Dcl-subf, End-ds. Replaces D-spec for data structures.; Usage: DCL-DS name|*N PSDS EXT|EXTNAME('file') Dcl-ds-keywords;
Dcl-f: Operation code. Identifies and describes file used by the program. Replaces F-specification.; Usage (Externallly described): DCL-F filename device|LIKEFILE(parent) USAGE(*INPUT|*UPDATE|*DELETE|*OUTPUT) KEYED Dcl-f-keywords;; Usage (Program described): DCL-F filename device(record-length)|LIKEFILE(parent) USAGE(*INPUT|*UPDATE|*DELETE|*OUTPUT) KEYED(*CHAR:key-length) KEYLOC(key-location) Dcl-f-keywords;; Notes: USAGE(*INPUT) is default for DISK, SEQ, and SPECIAL files. USAGE(*OUTPUT) is default for PRINTER files. USAGE(*INPUT:*OUTPUT) is default for WORKSTN files. USAGE(*DELETE) is required if program allows file deletions.

Dclopt

Keyword (Ctl-opt). Prevents changing data structure length.

Usage: DCLOPT(*NOCHGDSLEN)

Dcl-parm

Operation code. Declares a parameter; used with Dcl-pr, Dcl-pi. Replaces D-spec for parameters.

Usage: DCL-PARM name|*N datatype|LIKE(parent:adjustment) Dcl-parm-keywords;

Note: Supported datatype entries are

CHAR(length), VARCHAR(length:varying-size)
PACKED(digits:decimals), ZONED(digits:decimals)
INT(digits), UNS(digits)
BINDEC(digits:decimals)
FLOAT(bytes)
IND
DATE(format)
TIME(format)
TIMESTAMP
POINTER(*PROC)
OBJECT(*JAVA:class)
UCS2(length), VARUCS2(length:varying-size)
GRAPH(length), VARGRAPH(length:varying-size)

Dcl-pi

Operation code. Declares a procedure interface; used with Dcl-parm, End-pi. Replaces D-spec for prototypes.

Usage: DCL-PI name|*N datatype|LIKE(parent:adjustment) Dcl-pi-keywords;

Note: Supported datatype entries are

CHAR(length), VARCHAR(length:varying-size)
PACKED(digits:decimals), ZONED(digits:decimals)
INT(digits), UNS(digits)
BINDEC(digits:decimals)
FLOAT(bytes)
IND
DATE(format)
TIME(format)
TIMESTAMP
POINTER(*PROC)
OBJECT(*JAVA:class)
UCS2(length), VARUCS2(length:varying-size)
GRAPH(length), VARGRAPH(length:varying-size)

Dcl-pr

Operation code. Declares a prototype; used with Dcl-parm, End-pr. Replaces D-spec for prototypes.

Usage: DCL-PR name datatype|LIKE(parent:adjustment) Dcl-pr-keywords;

Note: Supported datatype entries for return value are

CHAR(length), VARCHAR(length:varying-size)
PACKED(digits:decimals), ZONED(digits:decimals)
INT(digits), UNS(digits)
BINDEC(digits:decimals)
FLOAT(bytes)
IND
DATE(format)
TIME(format)
TIMESTAMP
POINTER(*PROC)
OBJECT(*JAVA:class)
UCS2(length), VARUCS2(length:varying-size)
GRAPH(length), VARGRAPH(length:varying-size)

Dcl-proc: Operation code. Declares the beginning of a procedure; used with End-proc. Replaces P-spec.; Usage: DCL-PROC name Dcl-proc-keywords;

Dcl-s: Operation code. Declares a standalone variable. Replaces D-spec for standalone variable.; Usage: DCL-S name datatype|LIKE(parent:adjustment) Dcl-s-keywords;; Note: Supported datatype entries are

CHAR(length), VARCHAR(length:varying-size)
PACKED(digits:decimals), ZONED(digits:decimals)
INT(digits), UNS(digits)
BINDEC(digits:decimals)
FLOAT(bytes)
IND
DATE(format)
TIME(format)
TIMESTAMP
POINTER(*PROC)
OBJECT(*JAVA:class)
UCS2(length), VARUCS2(length:varying-size)
GRAPH(length), VARGRAPH(length:varying-size)

Dcl-subf

Operation code. Declares a data structure subfield; used with Dcl-ds. Replaces D-spec for data structures.

Usage: DCL-SUBF name|*N datatype|LIKE(parent:adjustment) Dcl-subf-keywords;

Note: Supported datatype entries are

CHAR(length), VARCHAR(length:varying-size)
PACKED(digits:decimals), ZONED(digits:decimals)
INT(digits), UNS(digits)
BINDEC(digits:decimals)
FLOAT(bytes)
IND
DATE(format)
TIME(format)
TIMESTAMP
POINTER(*PROC)
OBJECT(*JAVA:class)
UCS2(length), VARUCS2(length:varying-size)
GRAPH(length), VARGRAPH(length:varying-size)

Dealloc

Operation code. Free Storage.

Usage: DEALLOC(en) pointer-name ;

Debug

Keyword (Ctl-opt). Debug options.

Usage: DEBUG(*DUMP *INPUT *XMLSAX)

Usage: DEBUG(*NO|*YES)

%Dec()

Function. Convert to Packed Decimal.

Usage: %DEC(expression:digits:decimals)

Usage: %DEC(date-expression:format)

Decedit

Keyword (Ctl-opt). Decimal notation.

Usage: DECEDIT(*JOBRUN|'value')

%Dech()

Function. Convert to Packed Decimal with Half-Adjust.

Usage: %DECH(expression:digits:decimals)

%Decpos()

Function. Get Number of Decimal Positions.

Usage: %DECPOS(numeric-expression)

Decprec

Keyword (Ctl-opt). Decimal precision.

Usage: DECPREC(30|31)

~~Define~~

Operation code. Define Field.

Usage: Obsolete. Use Dcl-xx with Like.

Delete

Operation code. Delete Record.

Usage: DELETE(ehmr) search-arg name ;

Descend

Keyword (Dcl-xx). Array/table in descending collating sequence.

Usage: DESCEND

Devid

Keyword (Dcl-f). Program device for SPECIAL file.

Usage: DEVID(field-name)

Dftactgrp

Keyword (Ctl-opt). Compile unit to use default activation group.

Usage: DFTACTGRP(*YES|*NO)

Dftname

Keyword (Ctl-opt). Default name for compile unit.

Usage: DFTNAME(name)

%Diff()

Function. Get Difference Between Dates/Times/Timestamps.

Usage: %DIFF(date1:date2:duration)

Dim

Keyword (Dcl-xx). Number of elements in table/array (1-16773104).

Usage: DIM(numeric-constant)

%Div()

Function. Get Integer Portion of Quotient.

Usage: %DIV(dividend:divisor)

~~Div~~

Operation code. Divide.

Usage: Obsolete. Use / operator, or %Div.

Do

Operation code. Do.

Usage: Obsolete. Use For.

Dou

Operation code. Do Until.

Usage: DOU(mr) logical-expression ;

~~Douxx~~

Operation code. Do Until.

Usage: Obsolete. Use Dou.

Dow

Operation code. Do While.

Usage: DOW(mr) logical-expression ;

~~Dowxx~~

Operation code. Do While.

Usage: Obsolete. Use Dow.

Dsply

Operation code. Misplay Message.

Usage: DSPLY(e) message output-queue response ;

Dtaara

Keyword (Dcl-xx). Data area name.

Usage: DTAARA(*VAR:data-area-name)

Dump

Operation code. Dump Program.

Usage: DUMP(a) identifier ;

E: %Editc – Extrct

%Editc(): Function. Edit Value Using Edit Code.; Usage: %EDITC(numeric-expression:editcode :fill-symbol)
%Editflt(): Function. Convert to Floating Point External Representation.; Usage: %EDITFLT(numeric-expression)
%Editw(): Function. Edit Value Using Edit Word.; Usage: %EDITW(numeric-expression:editword)
/Eject: Compiler directive. Skip to next page of compiler listing.; Usage: /EJECT
%Elem(): Function. Get Number of Elements.; Usage: %ELEM(data-item)
Else: Operation code. Else.; Usage: ELSE ;
/Else: Compiler directive. Select source block to include if previous /If or /Elseif failed (conditional compilation). Used with /Define, /If, /Elseif, /Endif.; Usage: /ELSE
Elseif: Operation code. Else If.; Usage: ELSEIF(mr) logical-expression ;
/Elseif: Compiler directive. Test conditional expression, within an /If or /Elseif group (conditional compilation). Used with /Define, /Else, /If, /Endif.; Usage: /ELSEIF NOT DEFINED(condition | *CRTBNDRPG | *CRTRPGMOD | *VxRxMx | COMPILE_WINDOWS | COMPILE_JAVA)
Enbpfrcol: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Enable performance collection.; Usage: ENBPFRCOL(*PEP|*ENTRYEXIT|*FULL)
End-ds: Operation code. Ends a data structure definition; used with Dcl-ds.; Usage: END-DS name;
Enddo: Operation code. End Do Group.; Usage: ENDDO;
~~/End-exec~~: Compiler directive. End of embedded SQL statement.; Usage: Obsolete. Use semi-colon (;).
Endfor: Operation code. End For Group.; Usage: ENDFOR;
~~/End-free~~: Compiler directive. End a free format calculation block.; Usage: /END-FREE; ~~Obsolete. No longer required.~~
Endif: Operation code. End If Group.; Usage: ENDIF;
/Endif: Compiler directive. End an /If source code block (conditional compilation). Used with /Define, /If, /Elseif, /Endif.; Usage: /ENDIF
Endmon: Operation code. End Monitor Group.; Usage: ENDMON;

End-pi: Operation code. Ends a procedure interface definition; used with Dcl-pi.; Usage: END-PI name;
End-pr: Operation code. Ends a prototype definition; used with Dcl-pr.; Usage: END-PR name;
End-proc: Operation code. Ends a procedure. Replaces P-specification.; Usage: END-PROC name;
Endsl: Operation code. End Select Group.; Usage: ENDSL;
Endsr: Operation code. End Subroutine.; Usage: ENDSR return-point ;
%Eof(): Function. Get End (Beginning) of File Status.; Usage: %EOF(file-name)
/Eof: Compiler directive. End of file for current source file.; Usage: /EOF
%Equal(): Function. Get Exact Match Status for SETLL Operation.; Usage: %EQUAL(file-name)
%Error: Function. Get Error Status.; Usage: %ERROR
Eval: Operation code. Evaluate Expression.; Usage: EVAL(hmr) assignment-expression ;
Evalr: Operation code. Evaluate Expression, Right Adjust.; Usage: EVALR(mr) assignment-expression ;
Eval-corr: Operation code. Assign corresponding subfields from one data structure to another.; Usage: EVAL-CORR(hmr) ds1 = ds2 ;
Except: Operation code. Perform Calculation Time Output.; Usage: EXCEPT except-name ;
Exec Sql: Compiler directive. Execute an embedded SQL statement. Used with /End-exec.; Usage: EXEC SQL sql-statement ;
Exfmt: Operation code. Write, Then Read Format.; Usage: EXFMT(e) format-name data-structure;
Export: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Field or procedure can be exported (i.e., used by another module).; Usage: EXPORT(external-name)
Expropts: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Expression evaluation options.; Usage: EXPROPTS(*MAXDIGITS|*RESDECPOS)
Exsr: Operation code. Invoke Subroutine.; Usage: EXSR subroutine-name ;
Extbinint: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Use integer format for externally-described binary fields.; Usage: EXTBININT(*NO|*YES)
Extdesc: Keyword (Dcl-f). External name of file to use at compile time.; Usage: EXTDESC(file-name)
External Indicator: Indicator (U1-U8) that can be set by another program before a program is run, or changed by another program while the program is running.
Extfile: Keyword (Dcl-f). External name of file to open.; Usage: EXTFILE(file-name|*EXTDESC)
Extfld: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Rename externally described subfield.; Usage: EXTFLD(field-name)
Extfmt: Keyword (Dcl-xx). External data type.; Usage: EXTFMT(B|C|F|I|L|P|R|S|U)
Extind: Keyword (Dcl-f). External indicator.; Usage: EXTIND(*INU1-*INU8)
Extmbr: Keyword (Dcl-f). File member to open.; Usage: EXTMBR(member-name)
Extname: Keyword (Dcl-xx). External file with field descriptions.; Usage: EXTNAME(file-name:format-name :*ALL|*INPUT|*OUTPUT|*KEY|*NULL)
Extpgm: Keyword (Dcl-xx). External program name.; Usage: EXTPGM(pgm-name)
Extproc: Keyword (Dcl-xx). External procedure name.; Usage: EXTPROC(proc-name); Usage: EXTPROC(*CL|*CWIDEN|*CNOWIDEN|*JAVA:class-name :proc-name)
~~Extrct~~: Operation code. Extract From Date/Time/Timestamp.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Subdt.

F: F-specifications – Full procedural file

~~F-Specifications (File Specifications)~~: ~~Section of an RPG program that identifies and describes files used by the program.~~; ~~Obsolete. Use Dcl-f.~~
Feod: Operation code. Force End of Data.; Usage: FEOD(en) file-name ;
%Fields(): Function. List of Fields to Update.; Usage: %FIELDS(name1:name2...)
Figurative Constant: Reserved literal that respresents a value; the word can be used instead of a literal to represent the value. For example, *BLANKS, *ZEROS, *HIVAL, *LOVAL, *ON, *OFF.
File Information Data Structure: Data structure that makes file exception/error information available to the program. Must be unique for each file.
Fixnbr: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Fix invalid decimal data option.; Usage: FIXNBR(*ZONED|*NOZONED:*INPUTPACKED |*NOINPUTPACKED)
%Float(): Function. Convert to Floating Point Data.; Usage: %FLOAT(expression)
Fltdiv: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Floating point division option.; Usage: FLTDIV(*NO|*YES)
For: Operation code. For; Usage: FOR(mr) index = start BY increment TO|DOWNTO limit ;
Force: Operation code. Force File to be Read Next Cycle.; Usage: FORCE file-name ;
Formlen: Keyword (Dcl-f). Form length of printer file.; Usage: FORMLEN(length)
Formofl: Keyword (Dcl-f). Form overflow line number.; Usage: FORMOFL(line)
Formsalign: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Forms alignment.; Usage: FORMSALIGN(*NO|*YES)
%Found(): Function. Get Record Found Status for CHAIN, DELETE, SETGT, SETLL Operation.; Usage: %FOUND(file-name)
**Free: Compiler directive. Begin “fully-free” format source member. Source may be coded anywhere from column 1 to the end of the source line. Fixed format source is not allowed anywhere in member. **Free directive must appear in column 1 of first source line; rest of line must be blank.; Usage: **Free
~~/Free~~: Compiler directive. Begin a free format calculation block. Used with /End-free.; Usage: /FREE; ~~Obsolete. No longer required. Not allowed in **Free member.~~
Fromfile: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Name of file from which to load pre-runtime array/table.; Usage: FROMFILE(file-name)
Ftrans: Keyword (Ctl-opt). File translation.; Usage: FTRANS(*NONE|*SRC)
Full Procedural File: File that uses input operations controlled by operation codes instead of by the program cycle.

G: Genlvl – %Graph

Genlvl: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Generation level.; Usage: GENLVL(0-20)
~~Goto~~: Operation code. Go To Tag.; Usage: Obsolete. Use structured techniques.
%Graph(): Function. Convert to Graphic Value.; Usage: %GRAPH(expression:ccsid)

H: H-specifications – %Hours

~~H-Specifications (Control Specifications)~~: ~~Section of an RPG program that provides information about program generation and defaults.~~; ~~Obsolete. Use Ctl-opt.~~
Halt Indicator: Indicator (H1-H9) that stops the program when an unacceptable condition occurs.
%Handler(): Function. Identify procedure to handle document event(s). Used with DATA-INTO, XML-INTO ,and XML-SAX operations.; Usage: %HANDLER(procedure:comm-area)
%Hours(): Function. Convert to Number of Hours.; Usage: %HOURS(numeric-expression)

I: I-specifications – Iter

I-Specifications (Input Specifications): Section of an RPG program described input records and their fields, or adds functions to an externally described input file.
If: Operation code. If.; Usage: IF(mr) logical-expression ;
/If: Compiler directive. Test conditional expression for conditional compilation. Used with /Define, /Else, /Elseif, /Endif.; Usage: /IF NOT DEFINED(condition | *CRTBNDRPG | *CRTRPGMOD | *VxRxMx | COMPILE_WINDOWS | COMPILE_JAVA)
~~Ifxx~~: Operation code. If.; Usage: Obsolete. Use If.
Ignore: Keyword (Dcl-f). Ignore record format.; Usage: IGNORE(format-name1:formatname2...)
ILE: Integrated Language Environment.
Import: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Field is imported (i.e., defined in another module).; Usage: IMPORT(external-name)
In: Operation code. Retrieve a Data Area.; Usage: IN(e) *LOCK data-area-name ;
Include: Keyword (Dcl-f). Include record format.; Usage: INCLUDE(format-name1:formatname2...)
/Include: Compiler directive. Copy records from another source member into the current compile process.; Usage: /INCLUDE library/file,member
Indds: Keyword (Dcl-f). Map indicators to a data structure.; Usage: INDDS(ds-name)
Indent: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Indent source listing.; Usage: INDENT(*NONE|'character-value')
Infds: Keyword (Dcl-f). File fedback data structure.; Usage: INFDS(ds-name)
Infsr: Keyword (Dcl-f). File exception/error subroutine.; Usage: INFSR(subr-name)
%Int(): Function. Convert to Integer Format.; Usage: %INT(expression)
Integrated Language Environment: ILE. A common run-time environment for all ILE conforming high-level languages, including RPG IV.
%Inth(): Function. Convert to Integer Format With Half-Adjust.; Usage: %INTH(expression)
Intprec: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Integer precision.; Usage: INTPREC(10|20)
Inz: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Intialize data.; Usage: INZ(constant|*EXTDFT|*LIKEDS|*NULL|*USER|*JOB |*SYS)
Iter: Operation code. Iterate.; Usage: ITER ;

(No entries)

K: %Kds – Klist

%Kds(): Function. Use Data Structure as Search Argument.; Usage: %KDS(data-structure:number-of-keys)
Keyloc: Keyword (Dcl-f). Key field location.; Usage: KEYLOC(number)
~~Kfld~~: Operation code. Define a Key Field.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Kds data structure.
~~Klist~~: Operation code. Define a Composite Key List.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Kds data structure.

L: Langid – Lookup

Langid: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Language identifier.; Usage: LANGID(*JOBRUN|*JOB|'language-identifier')
Last Record Indicator (LR): Indicator that signals when the last record (LR) is processed; can then condition calculation and output operations to be done at the end of the program.
Leave: Operation code. Leave Do/For Group.; Usage: LEAVE ;
Leavesr: Operation code. Leave Subroutine.; Usage: LEAVESR ;
Len: Keyword (Dcl-xx).Length of data structure or character data item (1-16773104).; Usage: LEN(length)
%Len(): Function. Get/Set Length.; Usage: %LEN(expression:*MAX)
Like: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Define a field like another.; Usage: LIKE(field-name)
Likeds: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Define a data structure like another.; Usage: LIKEDS(ds-name)
Likefile: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Define a file specification or parameter like another Dcl-f.; Usage: LIKEFILE(file-name)
Likerec: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Define a data structure like a record format.; Usage: LIKEREC(format-name:*ALL|*INPUT|*OUTPUT|*KEY|*NULL)
%Lookup(): Function. Lookup Array Element.; Usage: %LOOKUP(search-arg:array:start :number-elements); Usage: %LOOKUPLT(search-arg:array:start :number-elements); Usage: %LOOKUPLE(search-arg:array:start :number-elements); Usage: %LOOKUPGE(search-arg:array:start :number-elements); Usage: %LOOKUPGT(search-arg:array:start :number-elements)
~~Lookup~~: Operation code. Look up an Array or Table Element.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Lookup or %Tlookup.

M: Main – Mvr

Main: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Main procedure name for program.; Usage: MAIN(procedure-name)
%Max(): Function. Maximum value of operands.; Usage: %MAX(item1:item2 ... : itemn)
Maxdev: Keyword (Dcl-f). Maximum number of WORKSTN devices.; Usage: MAXDEV(*ONLY|*FILE)
~~Mhhzo~~: Operation code. Move High to High Zone.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Bitand, %Bitor.
~~Mhlzo~~: Operation code. Move High to Low Zone.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Bitand, %Bitor.
%Min(): Function. Minimum value of operands.; Usage: %MIN(item1:item2 ... : itemn)
%Minutes(): Function. Convert to Number of Minutes.; Usage: %MINUTES(numeric-expression)
~~Mlhzo~~: Operation code. Move Low to High Zone.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Bitand, %Bitor.
~~Mllzo~~: Operation code. Move Low to Low Zone.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Bitand, %Bitor.
Module: Object (*MODULE) that results from compiling source code. A module cannot be called until it is first bound into a program.
Monitor: Operation code. Begin Monitor Group.; Usage: MONITOR ;
%Months(): Function. Convert to Number of Months.; Usage: %MONTHS(numeric-expression)
~~Move~~: Operation code. Move.; Usage: Obsolete. Use Eval, Evalr, %Subst, conversion functions.
~~Movea~~: Operation code. Move Array.; Usage: Obsolete. Use Eval, Evalr, %Subarr, %Subst, conversion functions.
~~Movel~~: Operation code. Move Left.; Usage: Obsolete. Use Evalr Eval, %Subst, conversion functions.
%Mseconds(): Function. Convert to Number of Microseconds.; Usage: %MSECONDS(numeric-expression)
~~Mult~~: Operation code. Multiply.; Usage: Obsolete. Use * operator.
~~Mvr~~: Operation code. Move Remainder.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Rem.

N: Named constant – %Nullind

Named Constant: Name defined in Dcl-c instruction representing a specific value that does not change during the running of the program. Name can be used instead of a literal to represent the value.
Next: Operation code. Force Next Input From a Device.; Usage: NEXT(e) program-device file-name ;
Nomain: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Compile ILE module without a main procedure.; Usage: NOMAIN
Noopt: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Do not optimize data item.; Usage: NOOPT

Nullind: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Associate data item as null indicator(s) for another item.; Usage: NULLIND(null-indicator)
%Nullind(): Function. Get/set null indicator value.; Usage: %NULLIND(field-name)

O: O-specifications – Overflow indicator

O-Specifications (Output Specifications): Section of an RPG program described output records and their fields, or adds functions to an externally described output file.
~~%Occur()~~: Function. Get/Set Null Data Structure Occurrence.; Usage: Obsolete. Use array data structure.
~~Occur~~: Operation code. Get/Set Data Structure Occurrence.; Usage: Obsolete. Use array data structure..
~~Occurs~~: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Number of occurrences in a multiple occurrence data structure (1-16773104).; Usage: Obsolete. Use array data structure.
Oflind: Keyword (Dcl-f). Overflow indicator for PRINTER file.; Usage: OFLIND(*INOA-*INOG|*INOV|*IN01-*IN99|name)
On-error: Operation code. On-Error. Begins error processing block.; Usage: ON-ERROR exception-id1:exception-id2... ;
On-exit: Operation code. On-Exit. Begins end-of-procedure processing block.; Usage: ON-EXIT status-indicator ;
Opdesc: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Pass operational descriptor.; Usage: OPDESC
%Open(): Function. Get File Open Status.; Usage: %OPEN(file-name)
Open: Operation code. Open File for Processing.; Usage: OPEN(e) file-name ;
Openopt: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Open printer file option.; Usage: OPENOPT(*NOINZOFL|*INZOFL)
OPM: Original Program Model.
Optimize: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Compile unit optimization level.; Usage: OPTIMIZE(*NONE|*BASIC|*FULL)
Option: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Compiler options.; Usage: OPTION(*NOXREF|*XREF *NOGEN|*GEN *NOSECLVL|*SECLVL *NOSHOWCOPY|*SHOWCOPY *NOEXPDDS|*EXPDDS *NOEXT|*EXT *NOSHOWSKP|*SHOWSKP *NOSRCSTMT|*SRCSTMT *NODEBUGIO|*DEBUGIO *UNREF|*NOUNREF)
Options: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Parameter passing options for prototyped parameters.; Usage: OPTIONS(*NOPASS *NULLIND *OMIT *RIGHTADJ *STRING *TRIM *VARSIZE)
~~Orxx~~: Operation code. Or.; Usage: Obsolete. Use Or connector.
Original Program Model: OPM. The set of functions for compiling source code and creating programs before the Integrated Language Environment (ILE) model was introduced.
Other: Operation code. Otherwise Select.; Usage: OTHER ;
Out: Operation code. Write Data Area.; Usage: OUT(e) *LOCK data-area-name ;
Overlay: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Overlay data structure subfield.; Usage: OVERLAY(subfield-name:position|*NEXT)
Overflow Indicator: Indicator that signals when the overflow line on a page has been printed or passed; can be used to specify which lines are to be printed on the next page.

P: P-specifications – Public interface

~~P-Specifications (Procedure Boundary Specifications)~~: ~~Specifications in an RPG program that define the beginning and ending boundaries of a procedure.~~; ~~Obsolete. Use Dcl-proc, End-proc.~~
Packeven: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Fix high-order digit for packed field with an even number of digits.; Usage: PACKEVEN
%Paddr(): Function. Get Pointer to Procedure Address.; Usage: %PADDR(procedure)
~~Parm~~: Operation code. Identify Parameters.; Usage: Obsolete. Use PR/PI definitions.
%Parmnum(): Function. Get ordinal position of named parameter in parameter list.; Usage: %PARMNUM(parm-name)
%Parms: Function. Get Number of Parameters.; Usage: %PARMS
%Parser(): Function. Used with DATA-INTO; specifies program or procedure to perform parsing, and options.; Usage: %PARSER(perserProc:options)
Pass: Keyword (Dcl-f). Do not pass indicators.; Usage: PASS(*NOIND)
Percolation: In error recovery, the process of passing an unhandled exception (error) without change, along an established path of control to a higher-level recovery routine.
Perrcd: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Number of compile time array/table elements per record.; Usage: PERRCD(numeric-constant)
Pgminfo: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Place program information directly into compiled module.; Usage: PGMINFO(*NO|*PCML|*DCLCASE:*MODULE); Keyword (Dcl-proc). Place program information directly into compiled module.; Usage: PGMINFO(*YES|*NO)
Pgmname: Keyword (Dcl-f). Program to process SPECIAL device file.; Usage: PGMNAME(pgm-name)
Plist: Keyword (Dcl-f). Parameter list to be passed to SPECIAL file program.; Usage: PLIST(plist-name); Operation code. Identify a Parameter List.; Usage: Obsolete. Use PR/PI definitions.
Post: Operation code. Post Information to INFDS.; Usage: POST(e) program-device file-name ;
Prefix: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Add, replace a prefix to externally described fields (rename).; Usage: PREFIX(prefix-string:number) Usage: PREFIX('':number)
Pre-Runtime Array: Array loaded at the same time as the program, before the program actually begins to run.
Pre-Runtime Table: Table loaded at the same time as the program, before the program actually begins to run.
Prfdta: Keyword (Dcl-f). Collect profiling data.; Usage: PRFDTA(*NOCOL|*COL)
Primary File: If specified, the first file from which the program reads a record.
%Proc(): Function. Return Name of Current Procedure.; Usage: %PROC()
Procedure: Set of self-contained statements, in a module, that performs a task and returns to its caller.
Procptr: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Field is a procedure pointer.; Usage: PROCPTR
Program: Callable object (*PGM), consisting of a set of executable instructions in machine-readable form. The result of binding modules together.
Program Entry Procedure (PEP): Procedure provided by the compiler that is the entry point for a program. Also called a user entry procedure.
Promotion: In error recovery, the process of converting an unhandled exception (error) into a new exception with a different meaning; then percolating the new exception.
Prtctl: Keyword (Dcl-f). Dynamic printer control.; Usage: PRTCTL(ds-name:COMPAT)
Public Interface: The names of procedures and data items, exported from a service program, that can be accessed by other ILE programs or service programs.

Q: Qualified

Qualified: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Force qualified names for record formats or subfields.; Usage: QUALIFIED

R: Rafdata – Runtime table

Rafdata: Keyword (Dcl-f). Name of date file for record address file.; Usage: RAFDATA(file-name)
Read: Operation code. Read a Record.; Usage: READ(en) name data-structure ;
Readc: Operation code. Read Next Changed Record.; Usage: READC(e) record-name data-structure ;
Reade: Operation code. Read Equal Key.; Usage: READE(enhmr) search-arg name data-structure ;
Readp: Operation code. Read Prior Record.; Usage: READP(en) name data-structure ;
Readpe: Operation code. Read Prior Equal Key.; Usage: READPE(enhmr) search-arg name data-structure ;
%Realloc(): Function. Reallocate Storage with New Length.; Usage: %REALLOC(pointer:length)
~~Realloc~~: Operation code. Reallocate Storage with New Length.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Realloc.
Recno: Keyword (Dcl-f). Field name for relative record number processing.; Usage: RECNO(field-name)
Record Address File: Input file that indicates which records are to be read from another file and the order in which the records are to be read.
Rel: Operation code. Release Device.; Usage: REL(e) program-device file-name ;
%Rem(): Function. Get Integer Remainder (Modulus).; Usage: %REM(dividend:divisor)
Rename: Keyword (Dcl-f). Rename record format from externally described file.; Usage: RENAME(external-fmt-name:internal-fmt-name)
%Replace(): Function. Replace Character String.; Usage: %REPLACE(replacement:string:start:length)
Reset: Operation code. Reset Data Item Value.; Usage: RESET(e) *NOKEY *ALL name ;
~~Resulting Indicator~~: ~~Obsolete. Indicator that signals the result of a calculation. Use %Found, %Error, %Eof, or %Equal instead.~~
Return: Operation code. Return to Caller.; Usage: RETURN(hmr) expression ;
Rolbk: Operation code. Roll Back File Changes.; Usage: ROLBK(e) ;
Rtnparm: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Handles procedure return value as hidden parameter.; Usage: RTNPARM
Runtime Array: An array that is loaded after the program starts to run.
Runtime Table: A table that is loaded after the program starts to run.

S: Saveds – Subst

Saveds: Keyword (Dcl-f). Save data structure.; Usage: SAVEDS(ds-name)
Saveind: Keyword (Dcl-f). Save indicators.; Usage: SAVEIND(number)
SAX: Simple API for XML. SAX provides a mechanism for reading data from an XML document. RPG supports SAX with the XML-SAX operation.
%Scan(): Function. Scan string for characters, get first position.; Usage: %SCAN(search-arg:string:start:length)
~~Scan~~: Operation code. Scan String for Characters.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Scan.

%Scanr(): Function. Scan string for characters, get last position.; Usage: %SCANR(search-arg:string:start:length)
%Scanrpl(): Function. Scan string for all appearances of search argument, replace with another value.; Usage: %SCANRPL(search-arg:replacement:string:start:length)
Secondary File: Any input file other than the primary file, if specified.
%Seconds(): Function. Convert to Number of Seconds.; Usage: %SECONDS(numeric-expression)
Select: Operation code. Begin Select Group.; Usage: SELECT ;
Serialize: Keyword (Dcl-proc). Procedure can be run by only one thread at a time.; Usage: SERIALIZE
Service Program: Bound program object (*SRVPGM) containing utility procedures that can be called by other bound programs.
Setgt: Operation code. Set Greater Than.; Usage: SETGT(ehmr) search-arg name ;
Setll: Operation code. Set Lower Limit.; Usage: SETLL(ehmr) search-arg name ;
~~Setoff~~: Operation code. Set Indicators Off.; Usage: Obsolete. Use assignment expressions.
~~Seton~~: Operation code. Set Indicators On.; Usage: Obsolete. Use assignment expressions.
Sfile: Keyword (Dcl-f). Subfile parameters.; Usage: SFILE(format-name:rrn-field)
%Shtdn: Function. Get Shutdown Request Status.; Usage: %SHTDN
~~Shtdn~~: Operation code. Check for Shutdown Request.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Shtdn.
%Size(): Function. Get Byte Size.; Usage: %SIZE(data-item:*ALL)
Sln: Keyword (Dcl-f). Starting line for WORKSTN file.; Usage: SLN(number)
Sorta: Operation code. Sort Array.; Usage: SORTA(a|d) %Subarr(array-name:start :number-of-elements) ;
/Space: Compiler directive. Compiler listing line spacing.; Usage: /SPACE nbr
%Sqrt(): Function. Get Square Root of Expression.; Usage: %SQRT(numeric-expression)
~~Sqrt~~: Operation code. Square Root.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Sqrt.
Srtseq: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Sort sequence table.; Usage: SRTSEQ(*HEX|*JOB|*JOBRUN|*LANGIDUNQ |*LANGIDSHR|'sort-table-name')
Static: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Local file or data item uses static storage, or Java method is static.; Usage: STATIC(*ALLTHREAD)
%Status(): Function. Get status code.; Usage: %STATUS(file-name)
Stgmdl: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Controls storage model of module or program.; Usage: STGMDL(*INHERIT|*TERASPACE|*SNGLVL)
%Str(): Function. Get/Set Null-Terminated String.; Usage: %STR(pointer:length:position)
~~Sub~~: Operation code. Subtract.; Usage: Obsolete. Use – operator.
%Subarr(): Function. Get/Set Portion of Array.; Usage: %SUBARR(array:start:number-of-elements)
~~Subdur~~: Operation code. Subtract Duration.; Usage: Obsolete. Use – operator, %DIFF, date functions.
%Subdt(): Function. Extract Portion of Date/Time/Timestamp.; Usage: %SUBDT(value:duration)
%Subst(): Function. Get/Set Character Substring.; Usage: %SUBST(string:start:length)
~~Subst~~: Operation code. Substring.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Subst.

T: Table – Truncnbr

Table: Series of elements with like characteristics; can be searched for a uniquely identified element, but elements in a table cannot be accessed by their position relative to other elements.
Table File: Input file that contains a table.
~~Tag~~: Operation code. Tag.; Usage: Obsolete.
Template: Keyword (Dcl-xx). File is used only as template for LIKEFILE; data item is used only as template for LIKE or LIKEDS.; Usage: TEMPLATE
Test: Operation code. Test Date/Time/Timestamp.; Usage: TEST(edtz) dtz-format field-name ;
~~Testb~~: Operation code. Test Bit.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Bitand.
~~Testn~~: Operation code. Test Numeric.; Usage: Obsolete. Use Monitor, On-error.
~~Testz~~: Operation code. Test Zone.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Bitand.
Text: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Compile unit descriptive text.; Usage: TEXT(*SRCMBRTXT|*BLANK|'description')
%This: Function. Get Class Instance for Native Method.; Usage: %THIS
Thread: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Multi-thread environment.; Usage: THREAD(*SERIALIZE|*CONCURRENT)
%Time(): Function. Convert to Time.; Usage: %TIME(expression:format)
/Title: Compiler directive. Specify heading information for compiler listing.; Usage: /TITLE text
~~Time~~: Operation code. Get Time and Date.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Date, %Time, %Timestamp.
%Timestamp(): Function. Convert to Timestamp.; Usage: %TIMESTAMP(expression:format)
Timfmt: Keyword (H-, Dcl-xx). Time format.; Usage: TIMFMT(format:separator)
%Tlookup(): Function. Lookup Table Element.; Usage: %TLOOKUP(search-arg:table:alt-table); Usage: %TLOOKUPLT(search-arg:table:alt-table); Usage: %TLOOKUPLE(search-arg:table:alt-table); Usage: %TLOOKUPGE(search-arg:table:alt-table); Usage: %TLOOKUPGT(search-arg:table:alt-table)
Tofile: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Name of file where to save pre-runtime array/table at end of program.; Usage: TOFILE(file-name)
%Trim(): Function. Trim Leading and Trailing Characters.; Usage: %TRIM(string:characters)
%Triml(): Function. Trim Leading Characters.; Usage: %TRIML(string:characters)
%Trimr(): Function. Trim Trailing Characters.; Usage: %TRIMR(string:characters)
Truncnbr: Keyword (Ctl-opt). Truncate numeric values.; Usage: TRUNCNBR(*YES|*NO)

U: %Ucs2 – Usrprf

%Ucs2(): Function. Convert to UCS-2 Value.; Usage: %UCS2(value:ccsid)
/Undefine: Compiler directive. Remove condition defined by /Define conditional compilation directive.; Usage: /UNDEFINE condition-name
Unlock: Operation code. Unlock Data Area or Release Record.; Usage: UNLOCK(e) name ;
%Uns(): Function. Convert to Unsigned Integer Format.; Usage: %UNS(expression)
%Unsh(): Function. Convert to Unsigned Integer Format With Half-Adjust.; Usage: %UNSH(expression)
Update: Operation code. Modify Existing Record.; Usage: UPDATE(e) name data-structure|%FIELDS(name1:name2...) ;
Update File: File from which a program reads a record, changes data fields in the record, then writes the record back to the location from which it came.
User Entry Procedure (UEP): Procedure provided by the compiler that is the entry point for a program. Also called a program entry procedure.
Usropn: Keyword (Dcl-f). User-controlled open/close of file.; Usage: USROPN
Usrprf: Keyword (Ctl-opt). User profile.; Usage: USRPRF(*USER|*OWNER)

V: Value – Varying

Value: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Pass prototyped parameter by value.; Usage: VALUE
Varying: Keyword (Dcl-xx). Variable length character or graphic field.; Usage: VARYING(2|4)

W: When – Write

When: Operation code. When True, Then Select; Usage: WHEN(mr) logical-expression ;
~~Whenxx~~: Operation code. When True, Then Select.; Usage: Obsolete. Use When.
Write: Operation code. Create New Record.; Usage: WRITE(e) name data-structure ;

X: %Xfoot – Xml-Sax

%Xfoot(): Function. Get Sum of Array Expression Elements.; Usage: %XFOOT(array-expression)
~~Xfoot~~: Operation code. Sum the Elements of an Array.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %xFOOT.
%Xlate(): Function. Translate.; Usage: %XLATE(from:to:string:start)
~~Xlate~~: Operation code. Translate.; Usage: Obsolete. Use %Xlate.
XML: Extensible Markup Language. Set of standards for encoding documents electronically, widely used to represent data structures.
%Xml(): Function. Specifies XML document name and parsing options. Used with XML-SAX and XML-INTO.; Usage: %XML(document:'option1=value1 option2=value2 ...')
Xml-Into: Operation code. Read data from XML document directly into a variable, or into an array parameter that is passed to a %HANDLER procedure.; Usage: XML-INTO(eh) receiver %XML(document:'option1=value1 option2=value2 ...');; Usage: XML-INTO(eh) %HANDLER(procedure:comm-area) %XML(document:'option1=value1 option2=value2 ...');
Xml-Sax: Operation code. Initiate SAX parse for an XML document.; Usage: XML-SAX(e) %HANDLER(procedure:comm-area) %XML(document:'option1=value1 option2=value2 ...');

Y: %Years

%Years(): Function. Convert to Number of Years.; Usage: %YEARS(numeric-expression)

Z: Z-add – Z-sub

~~Z-add~~: Operation code. Zero and Add.; Usage: Obsolete. Use assignment expression.
~~Z-sub~~: Operation code. Zero and Subtract.; Usage: Obsolete. Use assignment expression.